| Inventive Principles Behind EyeRelax It is based on the expansive clinical research on myopia that EyeRelax is developed. Primarily EyeRelax seeks to relieve mechanical strain with accommodation training and inhibit myopia progression through myopic defocus. Based on the study of visual fields, EyeRelax enhances the retina activity to further inhibit myopia progression. In each 5 minutes sequence, EyeRelax is clinically programmed to
- improve accommodation accuracy and dynamics visual near-far simulation for accommodative facility training;
- Impose myopic defocus with accommodation cue to inhibit myopia progression;
- produce specific visual spectrum producing rich images in contrast, spatial content, color, luminance and stereo;
- produce isoluminant chromatic(colour patterns) and achromatic (black-white) images with based on the characteristics of our visual receptors and synapses to improve retina activity;
- visual and audio synchronization to enhance concentration of subject to maximize VEP |
Many studies and observations have found a strong co-relation between excessive accommodations, or near work and myopia. Some of these studies include:
¡¤ A study with monkeys, whose visual space was restricted to an average of fifteen inches distance, showed that all of them developed myopia. [1]
¡¤ It was measured (with partial coherence interferometry) that the eye generally elongates during accommodation, with this explanation by Drexler et al.[2] by accommodation-induced contraction of the ciliary muscles, which results in forward and inward pulling of the choroids. This decreases the circumference of the sclera and leads to an elongation of the axial eye length.
¡¤ Harb et al.stated[3] : accommodative lags significantly increased with closer reading distances¡increased lags and the variability in accommodation at higher accommodation demands suggest that an increase in overall blur at closer reading distances might be related to the development of refractive state.
¡¤ Schaeffel et al.[4] : The current theory is that lag of accommodation during reading shifts the image plane behind the retina and thereby stimulates the retinal neurons to release growth promoting factors that enhance scleral growth. This is thought to be mechanistically equivalent to the effects of a negative lens in animal experiments.
¡¤ Accommodation lags are also found to be higher as it took an average of 35 seconds for early-onset myopes and 63 seconds for late-onset myopes until the accommodation of the ciliary muscles was released. Non-myopes, however, showed no myopic aftereffect. It was speculated that this transient pseudomyopia is either the cause or a precursor of permanent myopia.[5]/[6]
¡¤ Myopic children are showing significantly larger near work-induced transient myopia, but demonstrated additionally that this near work-induced transient myopia was still evident after 3 minutes, which is significantly longer than was previously reported for adults.[7]
¡¤ Group results of accommodative response times showed that late onset myopes had significantly longer response times compared to emmetropes irrespective of duration of fixation.[8]
[8] Faudziah Abd-Manan, Proceedings of the 11th International Myopia
Interference with the quality of the retinal image leads to a disruption to the normal growth pattern, resulting in the development of refractive errors and defocused retinal images. [1]/[2] In animal models, covering the eyes of animals with frosted glass, or showing defocus pictures, applying strong minus glasses, keeping the eyes closed or defects in the retina have all shown to lead to the development of myopia.[3]/[4]/[5]/[6]
Of relevance, already published studies, mostly relate to normal developmental emmetropization, specifically, form deprivation experiments indicate that normal developmental emmetropization has both spatial frequency and contrast requirements. Typically, low pass filter characteristics such as frosted, translucent diffuers, eliminating moderate to high spatial frequency information as well as reducing image contrast, with increased axial elongation leading to myopia.[7]/[8]
[8] Smith EL III, Harwerth RS, Crawford ML, von Noorden GK. Observations on the effects of form deprivation myopia on the refractive status of the monkey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sco. 1987;28:1236-1245.
Spherical aberration control and accommodative facility training (distance and near accommodative facility) are a suitable treatment for improving accommodation accuracy and dynamics in young myopes. These improvements were sufficient to counteract the abnormalities in accommodation accuracy and dynamics that have been found in progressing myopes.[1]
Many recent research too has interestingly pointed to the use of Myopic Defocus lenses (plus lenses) in the control of myopia, instead of the usually prescribed minus lenses for shortsightedness.
¡¤ 6 of 20 participants with complete sets of data showed essentially no myopic progression after 2 years of imposed myopic defocus.[2]
¡¤ The potential for the use of imposed myopic defocus to control the progression of myopia is confirmed by the results from a recent monovision trial, in which bursts of increased myopic defocus apparently inhibited axial elongation in the under-corrected eye.[3]
¡¤ Binocular hyperopic overcorrection (myopic defocus) of children with pseudomyopia appears to prevent myopia development.[4]
¡¤ Negative lenses, which cause myopic, elongated eyes, also cause a thinning of the choroids (the layer between the sclera and the retina). Vice versa, positive lenses, which are causing hyperopic, shortened eyes; also cause an also rapid increase in the thickness of chorid.[5]/[6]
¡¤ While obviously near work creates signals for an increase axial length, an inappropriate elongation might be avoided by corresponding stop signals, as Morgan at el. Expressed[7]: Recent studies on natural STOP growth signals suggest that they are evoked by relatively brief periods of imposed myopic defocus, and can overcome strong pressures towards increased axial elongation.
¡¤ It is well known that chicks become myopic by wearing negative lenses. However, Zhu et al.[8] stated that Even when chicks wore negative lenses for the entire day except for 8 minutes of wearing positive lenses, the eyes compensated for the positive lenses, as though the negative lenses have not been worn. Brief period of myopic defocus imposed by positive lenses prevent myopia caused by daylong wearing of negative lenses regular, brief interruption so reading might have use as a prophylaxis against progression of myopia.
¡¤ It takes only a short time like 10 minutes for the eye to detect whether the added lens is a plus or minus lens, and to cause changes in the choroidal thickness and the corresponding vitreous chamber depth which persisted still some hours later.[9]
¡¤ It is further noted that compensating to myopia defocus is critically dependant on the inclusion of middle to high spatial frequencies in the stimulus and has a spatial frequency-dependent threshold contrast requirement. With competing myopic and hyperopic defocus, the former transiently dominates the latter as a determinant of ocular growth, provided that the stimulus conditions include sufficient middle to high spatial frequency information and that accommodation cues are available.[10]
[10] Sigrid Diether and Christine F, Wildsoet (2005). Stimulus Requirements for the Decoding of Myopic and Hyperopic Defocus under Single and Competing Defocus Conditions in the Chicken. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005; 46:2242-2252 DOI:10.1167/iovs.04-1200
Myopia Control and Image Properties
The results of a study in
This comes as no surprise as poor retinal image may result in amblyopia or sometimes known as neurological myopia. Numerous studies with varying contrast, spatial content, color, and luminance has established that retinal images rich in pattern information are needed to control eye growth.[3]/[4]/[5]/[6]/[7]/[8]
Contrast adaptation produced by prolonged viewing of high contrast gratings had a significant effect on retinal responses. It has been suggested that contrast adaptation may play a role in the development of nearwork induced myopia; further work investigating retinal contrast adaptation in myopic individuals may be of interest. [9] Spatial frequency composition is used to regulate growth at the eye; it is the absolute energy at high spatial frequencies regardless of the spectral slope that is most effective. [10] It is further established that the combined use of isoluminant chromatic (red-green) and achromatic patterns (black-white) could stimulate the parvocellular system selectively in humans.[11]
Rapid temporal changes of environmental illumination (flickering light) have been shown to inhabit myopia development, and conditions that stimulate the ON. Flickering light has being shown to stimulate the release of dopamine and reduce the degree of the artificially induced myopia.[12]/[13] and increase choroidal blood flow[14]. It was further suggested that luminance conditions which preferentially stimulate the ON system inhibit myopia development. The form of the initial luminance rise of the waveform was critical for myopia inhibition and the form of the off component appeared relatively unimportant.[15]
[11] Shozo Tobimatsu, Hiroyuki Tomoda and Motohiro Kato Human VEPs respond differently to isoluminant chromatic and achromatic sinusoidal gratings: Separation of parvocellular components. Biomedical and Life Science, Vol 8, Number 3, March 1996
[15] Katrina Leanne Schmid and Darren Robert Brinkworth Flickering conditions with fast-on characteristics inhibit myopia development irrespective of the form of the off component
EyeRelax is very effective in improving the eyesight for the presbyopic.
Presbyopia occurs as one ages, with increasing difficulty to do near work as our visual accommodative system deteriorates. Both our optical lens hardens and ciliary accommodative factor weakens, which inhabits our visual ability to focus on near objects.
With frequent use of EyeRelax, our optical lens is kept more flexible and improves our ciliary accommodation factor. EyeRelax is very effective in improving the eyesight of the presbyopic, delaying the need for reading glasses.
